Gaining data on if therapeutic compounds are toxic to cells (cytotoxicity) is a critical first step to understanding the long term viability of a set of compounds in a drug discovery program. If a given set of test articles causes cytotoxicity in human or animal cell lines they are not likely to succeed in later animal studies or in the clinic. Cytotoxicity screens are used early in the drug discovery pipeline to identify lead compounds and rule out compounds that are likely to cause drug failure. Among these early screens there are a number of assays used to understand potential drug liabilities due cytotoxicity. The first cytotoxicity assays often run by organizations are known as “cell viability assays”. Cell viability assays frequently take the form of a low cost ATP assay that allows compounds to be rapidly be compared to reference compounds. These early cell viability studies are often “High throughput” meaning a large number of compounds are run to rank order test articles based on general toxicity. Additional cytotoxicity screens include assays that study specific mechanisms of toxicity. These mechanistic cytotoxicity screens are often run after initial cell viability studies to give greater detail on the causes of toxicity to the researcher. However, mechanistic in vitro research comes at a higher cost so usually only a select number of lead compounds are run through these screens.Selecting a Contract Research Organization (CRO) to Perform Cytotoxicity ScreensComplete your early cytotoxicity studies with CRO known for having expertise in the area of in vitro toxicology and cell based models.IONTOX’s cytotoxicity screens range from predictive multi-endpoint models to standard cell viability screens (ATP) to rank order compounds.Here are a number of assays used by IONTOX to assess cytotoxicity:Ï Phospholipidosis SteatosisÏ Oxidative StressÏ Cell ViabilityÏ MitotoxicityÏ Cytotoxicity PanelTo learn more about Cytotoxicity Screening.
Understand Cell Toxicity With In Vitro Cytotoxicity Screenings
Get Instant Relief From Muscle Pain
Most of the people are involved in the jobs that require muscle work. A very common problem these days, muscle pain is often a result of a specific injury, a condition affecting ligaments, spasm or problem in connective joint tissue. Some people may also suffer from chronic muscle pain. This often results in intolerable pain. In most of the cases, muscle pain results from arthritis, and this pain differs in its intensity level from patient to patient.
Fortunately, there are many therapies available these days for joint and muscle pain. One can easily choose one of these muscle and joint pain relief therapies depending on the conditions that they are suffering from and the intensity of their pain. There are some of the most effective nutritional supplements that are ideal when it comes to providing muscle pain relief. For instance, Emu oil is works wonders in reducing muscle tension and stiffness. It is believed that a good massage therapy works wonders in soothing the ache in the muscles. It not only releases tension but also allows the muscles to relax. There’s one more technique of muscle pain – the ancient acupuncture technique, which uses needles to achieve the best results. You could also try the Chiropractic that is ideal when it comes to easing muscle pain through the effective rectification of improper vertebral alignment. This majorly focuses on adding extra-pressure on leg, back and neck muscles.
Now, apart from various therapies and muscle pain relief gel, there are a few homes remedies that are very effective in relieving muscle pain. These remedies include putting ice packs, engaging in physical aides such as wrist, wraps or back braces that have an important role to play in minimizing muscle strain via helping to hold joints and bones in the right position. Muscle pain can also be kicked off with some exercises that are specifically designed for enhancing muscle strength as well as flexibility. These exercises are prescribed by the health care practitioner or physical therapist, and they need to be practiced regularly in order to ensure reduced muscle strain.
Therapists also teach you the right methods of walking, lifting, sitting and engaging in repetitive movement in order to prevent muscle strain problems in future. One of the best therapies for muscle sprain is massage therapy – it is effective when it comes to increasing blood circulation while also transporting nutrients and oxygen to the affected muscles. This process also flushes away toxic substances and prevents shortening of the muscle during the healing process.
Last but not the least, aromatherapy is ideal for easing muscle pain, spasms or inflammation via providing a soothing effect through the herbs and plants present in the essential oils – effectively easing muscle pain with the goodness of marjoram, thyme, ginger, helichrysum and peppermint. The above mentioned techniques play a major role in healing muscle pain. You will also be able to find more instant relief techniques online. Also, if you want to get the best gel for muscle pain, look up online and be very selective. If you’re still confused, consult your doctor.
Simplifying Passive Investing with NIFTY ETFs
A passive fund is where the fund manager and his team do not actively manage stocks. They mandatorily invest in the stocks that the underlying index is comprised of. They try to replicate the index and give returns according to their performance.
Passive funds are different as compared to Active Funds because they have a low expense ratio. The involvement of the Fund Manager in an Index Fund is lesser. As per SEBI regulations, the Exchange Traded Funds’ (ETFs) expense ratio cannot exceed 1% the daily net assets. ETFs generally cannot beat the benchmark. The Nifty ETF’s returns may be equal to the benchmark’s returns or lesser.
The active fund managers, in contrast, need to undertake industry research, based on which they take positions in the markets. This making active funds relatively costlier. Actively manages funds seek higher Alpha, which means they take a little more risk to generate higher returns than the benchmark. Their main objective is to beat the benchmark and if the fund manager takes a wrong decision, it can result in huge losses.
The objective of the NIFTY 50 ETF is to try and replicate the performance of the index by buying the same stocks in the same proportion as they are in the index. Nifty 50 Index includes the top 50 liquid stocks of the market. Investing in Nifty 50 ETFs gives investors diversification, which is important because it diversifies the risk factor. The Nifty 50 Index consists of the 50 most valuable stocks spanning across sectors of the Indian economy.
Many investors refrain from investing in markets as they do not possess adequate knowledge of the stock market. Investing in NIFTY 50 ETF doesn’t require extensive research as all the fund does is buy stocks from its underlying index, which is the NIFTY50. You will always have the option of buying stocks on your own but for which you will require a huge investment to invest in stocks of multiple sectors. Thus, investing in NIFTY 50 ETF gives your invested money a broad exposure which a single stock may not able to do so.